The most basic multi-module monster project in C programming has two source code files. Each file is separate — written, saved, and compiled individually — but eventually brought together as one unit by the linker. The linker, which is part of the build process in Code::Blocks, is what creates a single program from several different modules.
What’s a module?
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A module is a source code file and its compiled object file. Together, the source code and object files are a module. Then the various object files are linked to build a program. The entire operation starts with separate source code files.
THE MAIN.C SOURCE CODE FILE
Exercise 1: Fire up a new project in Code::Blocks named ex2401. Create the project as you normally would: Type the source code from The main.c Source Code File into the editor as the contents of the main.c file. Save the file.
Don’t build yet! After all, the code references the second() function, which doesn’t seem to exist anywhere. It’s prototyped, as is required for any function that’s used in your code, but the second() function is found in another module. To create that module in Code::Blocks, follow these steps:
Save the current project, ex2401.
Choose File→New→Empty File.
Click the Yes button when you’re prompted to add the file to the active project.
The Save File dialog box appears.
Type alpha.c as the filename and then click the Save button.
The new file is listed on the left side of the Code::Blocks window, beneath the Sources heading where the main.c file is listed. A new tab appears in the editor window, with the alpha.c file ready for editing.
Click the alpha.c tab to begin editing that file.
Type the source code from The alpha.c Source Code File into the alpha.c file in Code::Blocks.
Save the ex2401 project.
Build and run.
THE ALPHA.C SOURCE CODE FILE
Here’s the output you should see in the test window on your computer:
The two source code files aren’t “glued together” by the compiler; each source code file is compiled individually. A separate object code file is created for each one: main.o and alpha.o. It’s these two object code files that are then linked together, combined with the C standard library, to form the final program.
The main module for a multi-module C program is traditionally named main.c. That’s probably why Code::Blocks names the first (and, often, only) project source code file main.c.
Only source code files contained within the same project — found beneath the Sources branch — are linked together.
To compile and link source code files in a terminal window, use the following command:
This command compiles the source code files main.c and alpha.c, links together their object files, and then creates as output (-o) the program file ex2401.
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I am literally just beginning learning C++, following a beginners 21 day tutorial... so have no one I can ask these questions - other than you all!
I'm learning about 'class declaration and function definition'...
So far my .cpp files have contained the class declaration and the class method / function definition... now I'm splitting the class declaration into a header file and leaving the fuction definition in my .cpp file along with my main() function... This seems silly as each time I would ever want to use the header file and #include it in any new .cpp file I create, I would have to list all the function definitions again...
I was under the impression creating a header file was so others using the class (from the header file) wouldn't need to know how the functions work internally but could work out enough from the header file to realise what functions / methods a class has and is available for them to use... but if they then need to code all the function definitions into their .cpp file it seems pointless.
In the real programming world, would you create and declare a class in a header file and create only those function definitions in its related .cpp file ie the file wouldn't contain a main() function etc
I was wondering if I'm simply getting confused because all the .cpp files we create in the tutorial obviously start with main() to demonstrate the particular issue we are studying.